ISE03/19-20
主題: | 環境事務、外來入侵物種、生物多樣性 |
香港應對外來入侵物種的近年政策發展
澳洲應對外來入侵物種的近年政策發展
(a) | 針對外來入侵物種的法定消減計劃:根據《環境保護及生物多樣性保育法令》,澳洲政府可就瀕危原生物種宣布展開應對威脅關鍵程序,而這些程序中約有三分之二與外來入侵物種相關。政府有法定責任制訂跟進威脅消減計劃,採取必要行動(例如研究及管理措施),緩解原生物種所受的威脅;25註釋符號代表該威脅消減計劃曾處理的外來入侵物種包括兔子、野貓、野豬、歐洲紅狐及無人飼養的山羊。請參閱Department of the Environment and Energy (2019)及Inspector-General of Biosecurity (2019)。
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(b) | 處理私人物業的外來入侵物種:根據《生物安全法令》,如私人貨物或處所的相關外來入侵物種風險超出可接受水平,政府可發出生物安全管制令,授權生物安全人員無須事先取得同意,憑手令進行視察及清除行動。而土地擁有人亦有法律責任控制外來入侵物種,並可獲公帑資助以提升其管理能力;
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(c) | 創新科技與研究:澳洲政府成立專責的國家研究中心,聘請逾100名研究專家,集中研究應對外來入侵物種的相關優先課題,包括創新管理方法和社區參與。因此,澳洲在控制外來入侵物種方面掌握全球頂尖技術,例如生物控制媒介及基因驅動技術;26註釋符號代表入侵物種解決方案中心最初在2004年成立,是澳洲一所由公帑資助的國家研究中心,旨在開發應對外來入侵物種的技術及工具。其中,生物控制媒介指用作控制特定外來入侵物種的昆蟲或病原體,而應用前須經澳洲政府預先評估及批准,以防當地環境受到不利影響。 及
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(d) | 社區參與:為了加強公眾教育,澳洲自2016年起在全國各地舉辦一系列生物安全圓桌會議,推動地方社區定期討論外來入侵物種的相關事宜。澳洲政府亦在2018年建立網站,教導公眾認識日常生活中的個人生物安全措施。 |
立法會秘書處
資訊服務部
資料研究組
梁志傑
2019年11月25日
香港
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1. | Advisory Council of the Environment. (2018) Progress of Implementation of Hong Kong Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2021.
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2. | Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. (2008) Alien Species in Hong Kong Wetland Park.
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3. | Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. (2019) Freshwater turtles.
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4. | Environment Bureau. (2016) Hong Kong Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2021.
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5. | GovHK. (2013) LCQ19: Mikania micrantha.
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6. | GovHK. (2015) LCQ22: Prevention of alien species' invasion of Hong Kong's natural environment.
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7. | GovHK. (2017a) LCQ4: Animal release activities.
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8. | GovHK. (2017b) LCQ12: Animal welfare.
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9. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (2016) Minutes of meeting. Paper for the Panel on Environmental Affairs meeting on 22 February 2016. LC Paper No. CB(1)857/15-16.
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10. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (2019) Official Records of Proceedings of the Legislative Council. 29 May.
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11. | South China Morning Post. (2017) Conservation in Hong Kong: citizen scientists enlisted to record and safeguard city's amazing biodiversity. 12 December.
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12. | South China Morning Post. (2018) More action urged on potentially invasive alien wildlife in Hong Kong. 24 March.
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13. | Whitfort et al. (2013) A Review of Hong Kong's Wild Animal and Plant Protection Laws.
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14. | 立法會秘書處:《資料便覽:有關內地及香港紅火蟻問題之進程報導》,2005年1月31日,立法會FS08/04-05號文件。
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澳洲
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15. | Centre for Invasive Species Solutions. (2018) 2017-2018 Annual Report.
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16. | Department of Agriculture. (2019a) Biosecurity Imports Levy.
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17. | Department of Agriculture. (2019b) Priority list of exotic environmental pests and diseases.
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18. | Department of the Environment and Energy. (2019) Invasive species.
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19. | Parliament of Australia. (2015) Inquiry on Environmental Biosecurity.
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20. | Inspector-General of Biosecurity. (2019) Environmental biosecurity risk management in Australia, Review Report No. 2018-19/04.
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21. | Invasive Plants and Animals Committee. (2017a) Australian Pest Animal Strategy 2017-2027.
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22. | Invasive Plants and Animals Committee. (2017b) Australian Weeds Strategy 2017-2027.
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23. | Invasive Species Council. (2014) Stopping New Invasive Species Case Studies.
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24. | Invasive Species Council. (2018) KTPs & TAPs: Australia's failure to abate threats to biodiversity.
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25. | Sheppard and Broadhurst. (2019) Invasive species are Australia's number-one extinction threat.
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其他
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26. | European Environment Agency. (2013) Invasive alien species: a growing problem for environment and health.
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27. | Genovesi et al. (2015) EU adopts innovative legislation on invasive species: a step towards a global response to biological invasions? Biological Invasions, vol. 17(5).
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28. | The United Nations. (1992) Convention of Biological Diversity.
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29. | World Organisation for Animal Health. (2015) PVS Evaluation Report: Australia.
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