ISE18/20-21
主題: | 衞生事務、疾病控制及預防、疫苗傷害、賠償 |
全球實施疫苗接種的傷害賠償計劃的情況
香港的疫苗接種情況
英國的疫苗傷害補償金計劃
(a) | 經費來源及12萬英鎊的劃一補償金額:計劃由"財政部"直接撥款資助。2021年,政府按個別個案的情況向合資格申索人發放的補償,為劃一金額12萬英鎊(127萬港元)的一筆過免稅補償金。該金額最初在1979年定為1萬英鎊(105,800港元),其後定期進行調整,以反映醫療費用的漲幅。
截至2019年4月,計劃推行以來共向941名成功申索人發放共7,470萬英鎊(7億9,000萬港元)。申索成功率僅為15%,主要原因是嚴格的醫學門檻,此點稍後再作討論;15註釋符號代表Department of Work and Pensions (2019)。 |
(b) | 涵蓋的疫苗範圍:計劃只涵蓋常規疫苗接種計劃所針對的指定疾病,以及特定的疾病大流行,現時共有17種這類疾病(例如在2020年年底納入的2019冠狀病毒病),多於1979年的8種疾病。只有2至21歲因接種常規兒童疫苗而受到傷害的市民,或在6年內於英國就特定疾病大流行接種疫苗的人士,才符合計劃的申請資格;16註釋符號代表GovUK (2021)。
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(c) | 殘障程度須達60%的嚴格規定:該計劃下,輕微傷害不會獲得考慮。計劃參照工業傷殘福利計劃的損傷級別,只向被疫苗嚴重傷害致殘而殘障程度至少達60%(相當於失去一隻手)的人士提供補償,身體及精神傷害均涵蓋在內;
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(d) | 審批過程:由醫生組成的獨立醫學顧問會考慮每宗申索個案的現有證據,按相對性原則作出評估,並會考慮"因接種疫苗引致殘障的可能性是否大於不可能性",而不須證明兩者存在絕對和經驗證的因果關係。這些決定受到定期審計;17註釋符號代表House of Commons (2015)。 及
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(e) | 上訴及訴訟權利:申索人可向"就業及退休金部"或獨立的審裁處提出上訴,要求覆核評估決定。此外,計劃的申索人仍有權提出訴訟向疫苗製造商追討賠償。實際上,如有關訴訟勝訴,申索人須從最終和解協議的賠償金中扣除計劃下獲得的補償金。18註釋符號代表Department of Health and Social Care (2020)。 |
立法會秘書處
資訊服務部
資料研究組
梁志傑
2021年2月10日
香港
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1. | Census and Statistics Department. (various years) Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics.
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2. | Centre for Health Protection. (2021) Information on Adverse Events Following Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.
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3. | Chinese University of Hong Kong. (2021) Press Release: CU Medicine Survey Shows Government Recommendation as the Strongest Driver for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance. 12 January.
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4. | Department of Health. (various years) Budget Estimate.
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5. | GovHK. (2020a) COVID-19 jab indemnity fund planned. 23 December.
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6. | GovHK. (2020b) LCQ20: Statistics on seasonal influenza vaccination. 18 November.
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7. | GovHK. (2021) LCQ22: Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccination programmes. 27 January.
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8. | Minutes of meeting of the Panel on Health Services of the Legislative Council. (2008) 8 December. LC Paper No. CB(2)1993/08-09.
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9. | Minutes of meeting of the Panel on Health Services of the Legislative Council. (2009) 13 July. LC Paper No. CB(2)2439/08-09.
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10. | South China Morning Post. (2020) Coronavirus: how close is Hong Kong to rolling out its Covid-19 vaccination scheme? 31 December.
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11. | South China Morning Post. (2021) Hong Kong fourth wave: more than half of residents do not intend to take Covid-19 vaccine jabs, survey finds. 28 January.
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12. | The Standard. (2021) Vaccine delay to push back start of jabs program. 28 January.
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13. | 《賠償基金細節仍未明 如現死亡個案藥劑師學會倡寬鬆處理》,《蘋果日報》,2021年1月17日。
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英國
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14. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1982) International Notes Pertussis-England and Wales. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 31 (47), December, pp. 629-31.
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15. | Department of Health and Social Care. (2020) Impact Assessment: Expansion of the Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme (VDPS) for COVID-19.
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16. | Department of Work and Pensions. (2019) DWP response to the Freedom of Information request "Compensation Paid, Amounts of Unsuccessful & Successful Claims under Vaccine Damage Payment Fund". 20 May.
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17. | Department of Work and Pensions. (2020) DWP response to the Freedom of Information request "Vaccine Damage Fund claims related to the Vaccine known as Pandemrix". 3 December.
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18. | GovUK. (2021) Vaccine Damage Payment.
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19. | House of Commons. (2015) Vaccine Damage Payments Act. Hansard, Vol. 594, 24 March.
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20. | House of Commons. (2016) Swine Flu Vaccination: Compensation. Hansard, Vol. 604, 12 January.
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21. | House of Commons. (2017) Pandemrix Vaccine: Compensation. Hansard, Vol. 622, 8 March.
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22. | House of Commons. (2019) Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme. Question for Department of Health and Social Care, 25 July.
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23. | Millward, G. (2019) Vaccinating Britain: Mass vaccination and the public since the Second World War. Manchester University Press.
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24. | Narcolepsy UK. (2021) Pandemrix narcolepsy.
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25. | Vaccine Justice. (2011) 4 compelling reasons to reform the Vaccine Damage Payment Act 1979. 23 January.
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其他
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26. | Mungwira et al. (2020) Global landscape analysis of no-fault compensation programmes for vaccine injuries: A review and survey of implementing countries. PloS one, 15 (5), 21 May.
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27. | University of Oxford. (2021) Our World in Data - Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations.
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28. | World Economic Forum. (2020) Global attitudes on a COVID-19 vaccine, conducted December 17-20, 2020.
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29. | World Health Organization. (2011) No-fault compensation following adverse events attributed to vaccination: a review of international programmes. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89 (5), pp. 371-378.
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30. | World Health Organization. (2018) Vaccines: the powerful innovations bringing WHO's mission to life every day. 24 April.
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31. | World Health Organization. (2020) WHO vaccine reaction rates information sheets.
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