ISE29/20-21
主題: | 交通、道路交通安全 |
使用兒童汽車座椅的理據和全球趨勢
香港兒童汽車座椅的近期政策發展
(a) | 收緊法例規定會為擁有私家車及年幼子女的家庭帶來額外開支:根據《2011年交通習慣調查》,這類家庭在本港為數75 000-99 000個,而為每名子女購置上述兒童座椅的成本估計介乎4,000港元至14,200港元不等;
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(b) | 沒有私家車的家庭亦會受影響,因為其年幼子女或未能偶爾乘坐親友的私家車;及
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(c) | 警方執法時除了需要量度兒童身高外,亦涉及另一些"複雜事宜",包括"罰則、蒐證、可作合理辯解的情況和其他執法細節等"。10註釋符號代表Legislative Council Secretariat (2013)及GovHK (2018及2021)。 |
英國有關兒童汽車座椅的強制規定
(a) | 設定年齡和身高雙重門檻:私家車上的兒童乘客在身高達1.35米或年滿12歲前(以較早達到的門檻為准),必須使用兒童座椅。雖然身高門檻來自歐盟的指令,但年齡門檻卻完全由英國政府自行訂定。年滿12歲的青少年被認為已可安全地使用成人安全帶,而兒童座椅為他們帶來的邊際安全效益相當有限;15註釋符號代表House of Commons (2006)。
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(b) | 背向式兒童座椅置於前座時不得使用安全氣袋:當兒童坐在私家車前座的背向式兒童座椅時,必須停用安全氣袋,以免在車輛發生碰撞時造成嚴重的潛在傷害;
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(c) | 罰則:司機若沒有使用合適的兒童座椅,每項控罪可處以罰款100-500英鎊(1,074-5,370港元),而該罰款水平與成年人沒有佩戴安全帶的罰則相同;
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(d) | 因應司機的實際顧慮給予特別豁免:法例容許兒童在下述情況毋須使用兒童座椅出行:(i)基於健康原因;(ii)所乘坐之的士或私人出租汽車沒有設置兒童座椅;(iii)突然及必需作短距離出行,而所乘坐的車輛沒有設置兒童座椅;或(iv)車上沒有足夠空間放置第三個兒童座椅。然而,第(iii)及(iv)項豁免只適用於3歲及以上的兒童;及
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(e) | 兒童座椅的安全標準:一如歐盟的做法,英國的兒童座椅需符合聯合國指明的產品安全標準。16註釋符號代表然而,亦有一些其他地方(例如澳洲和加拿大)選擇自行訂定相關安全標準。 |
立法會秘書處
資訊服務部
資料研究組
劉絜文
2021年10月7日
香港
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1. | Consumer Council. (2019) Weak Protection in 4 Models of Child Car Seats Room for Improvement in Safety Design.
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2. | GovHK. (2018) LCQ3: Child Restraint Device.
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3. | GovHK. (2021) LCQ6: Child Safety in Cars.
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4. | Legislation Council Secretariat. (2013) Minutes of Meeting of Panel on Transport, 20 December. LC Paper No. CB(1)920/13-14.
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5. | Legislation Council Secretariat. (2019) Measures to Contain Private Car Growth in Selected Places. LC Paper No. IN21/18-19.
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6. | Transport Department. (2021) Child Safety in Cars.
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7. | Transport and Housing Bureau. (2013) Proposal to Raise the Mandatory Requirement of Using Child Restraint Device in Private Cars. LC Paper No. CB(1)543/13-14(05).
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英國
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8. | BBC. (2004) Use Car Seats up to Age of 11. 15 April.
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9. | BBC. (2006) New Child Car Seat Laws in Force. 18 September.
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10. | Child Seat Safety. (2021) Upcoming Events 2021.
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11. | Confused.com. (2018) Parents Still Baffled by Car Seat Laws.
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12. | Department for Transport. (2006) Explanatory Memorandum to the Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006.
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13. | Department for Transport. (2015a) Explanatory Memorandum to the Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) (Amendment) Regulations 2015.
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14. | Department for Transport. (2015b) Facts on Child Casualties. June 2015.
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15. | Department for Transport. (2021) Reported Casualties by Age Band, Road User Type and Severity, Great Britain, 2020.
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16. | House of Commons. (2006) Delegated Legislation Standing Committee Debates - Draft Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006. 5 July.
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17. | House of Lords. (2006) Debates on Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006. 12 July.
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18. | South Gloucestershire Council. (2014) Police and Council Offer Child Car Seat Safety Checks.
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19. | The Mirror. (2017) Child Car Seat Regulations Changed on March 1. 19 May.
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其他
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20. | European Transport Safety Council. (2018) Reducing Child Deaths on European Roads.
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21. | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. (2015) UN Regulation No 129: Increasing the Safety of Children in Vehicles for Policymakers and Concerned Citizens.
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22. | World Health Organization. (2009) Seat-Belts and Child Restraints: A Road Safety Manual for Decision-Makers and Practitioners.
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23. | World Health Organization. (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018.
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