ISE20/15-16
主题: | 交通、保安、私隐、航空 |
近年使用无人机的全球趋势
美国对无人机的规管制度
(a) | 注册门槛:起飞时重量超过250克7注释符号代表联邦航空局辖下一个专责小组估计,重量为250克或以下的无人机坠落地面造成死亡的机会为每2 000万飞行小时一次。然而,联邦航空局认为,此项估计本身只适用于注册目的,不应视作已通过验证。但少于25千克的无人机被界定为小型无人机,必须在新设立的网上系统注册;
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(b) | 提交资料:无人机如仅作消闲用途,拥有人只需提交注册者姓名、地址及电邮地址。如作非消闲用途,注册者则需额外提交有关飞机的型号、序号及制造商的资料;
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(c) | 注册资格:所有申请者均须是年满13岁的美国公民或设于美国的公司。海外的无人机必须获得有关当局授权才可飞行;
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(d) | 无人机的标记:成功申请者会收到一张证明书或飞机注册证,上面附有注册编号,有效期为3年。注册编号必须在无人机上清楚展示;
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(e) | 公开的注册资料库:联邦航空局及执法机构设有注册资料库,公众人士亦可按注册编号搜寻注册资料库的相关资料,但系统不会显示个人姓名及住宅地址;及
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(f) | 费用和刑罚:每部无人机的注册费约为5美元(39港元)。若拥有人未有为无人机注册或加上标记,可最多罚款25万美元(195万港元)或监禁最长3年。 |
新加坡对无人机的规管制度
(a) | 许可证制度:一般情况下,用于业余爱好的无人机无需申领许可证,但作商业用途及重量超过7千克的无人机,则须先获民航局(Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore)分别发出两张许可证。首先,民航局会发出操作员许可证予符合安全规定的操作员,该证有效期为1年。9注释符号代表若申请人能确保安全操作该无人驾驶飞机,当局经考虑申请人所属的机构、个人能力、安全程序及风险评估,以及该飞机的适航性后,会向申请人发出操作员许可证。 其次,民航局会按个别申请发出活动许可证,审批准则包括活动地点、活动性质、飞行高度,以及因应活动具体情况而采取的缓解措施等;
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(b) | 无人机禁飞区:法例规定无人机不可在约70个的保安敏感地区(例如军营、监狱及发电厂)飞行,禁飞地区会在公众可浏览的多用途网上地图中清楚标示。无人机亦不得飞越內政部(Ministry of Home Affairs)根据《公共秩序法》(Public Order Act)宣布设立的特别活动区;
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(c) | 执法权力:根据经修订的《公共秩序法》,无人机如干扰或破坏与特别活动相关的活动,不论在活动区內或外,均属刑事罪行。一般而言,警务处处长(Commissioner of Police)有权终止无人机飞行或扣押有关无人机;及
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(d) | 额外的许可证规定:对于偏离既定规则的无人机操作,操作者需向民航当局申请额外的许可证。这些特殊活动包括从无人机卸下物品、拍摄受保护地区或特别活动的照片,以及使用未经许可的无线电频道。 |
观察所得
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
张志辉
2016年6月21日
于2016年6月23日更新
1. | Civil Aviation Department. (2016) Official website.
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2. | Hong Kong Business. (2015) Drone users, you are not clear for takeoff.
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3. | Information Commission Officer. (2015) In the picture: A data protection code of practice for surveillance cameras and personal information.
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4. | Llloyd's. (2015) Drones Take Flight (Emerging Risk Report-2015).
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5. | Office of Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data. (2014) The Privacy Challenges of Google Glass and Drones.
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6. | Secretary for Transport and Housing. (2016) Replies to Oral Question raised by Hon Tony Tse Wai-chuen.
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新加坡
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7. | Bloomberg. (2015) "Singapore Post, Like Amazon, Tests Package Delivery by Drone".
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8. | Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. (2015) Advisory Circular: Permits for Unmanned Aircraft Operations.
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9. | International Civil Aviation Organization. (2015) Regulatory and Permit Framework for Unmanned Aircraft Operations in Singapore.
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10. | Ministry of Transport, Singapore. (2016) Leveraging Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Improve Public Sector Operations.
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11. | Parliament of Singapore. (2015) Official Reports-Parliamentary Debates.
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12. | Singapore Government. (2015) Second Reading for Unmanned Aircraft (Public Safety and Security) Bill by Minister for Transport, Lui Tuck Yet, in Parliament.
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美国
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13. | Center for the Study of the Drone. (2016) Analysis of U.S. Drone Exemptions 2014-2015.
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14. | Consumer Reports. (2016) "Drone Privacy: Is Anyone in Charge?"
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15. | Department of Transportation. (2015) Federal Register, vol. 80 no. 241.
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16. | Federal Aviation Administration. (2015) Operation and Certification of Small Unmanned Aircraft System.
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17. | Government Accountability Office. (2015) Unmanned Aerial Systems FAA Continues Progress toward Integration into National Airspace.
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18. | Micro-Unmanned Aircraft Systems Aviation Rulemaking Committee. (2016) ARC Recommendations Final Report.
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19. | The White House. (2015) Presidential Memorandum: Promoting Economic Competitiveness While Safeguarding Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties in Domestic Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
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20. | Unmanned Aircraft Systems Registration Taskforce Aviation Rulemaking Committee. (2015) Task Force Recommendations Final Report. |