ISE12/16-17
主题: | 卫生事务、酒精、未成年人饮酒 |
香港未成年人饮酒的情况
就向未成年人售卖及供应酒精饮品的规管和修例
以多管齐下的方式防止未成年人饮酒
英格兰的立法措施
(a) | 年龄限制:任何人士如售酒予18岁以下人士,或代18岁以下人士买酒,或尝试代18岁以下人士买酒,均属违法。此外,18岁以下人士如买酒,或尝试买酒,或饮酒16注释符号代表年满16岁或17岁人士在成人陪同下于用餐时饮用啤酒、葡萄酒或苹果酒,不属违法。,亦属违法;
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(b) | 核实年龄的规定:卖方必须在出售或供应酒类的处所(包括透过互联网售卖酒类)实行一套年龄核实政策,要求外表看来未满18岁的人士出示年龄证明。17注释符号代表年龄核实规定是发牌机构所施加的强制发牌条件,藉以贯彻4项发牌目标的其中之一,即"保护儿童免受酒精祸害"。 部分地方政府已发出指引,协助透过互联网售卖酒类的卖方尽一切应尽的努力,履行核实年龄的工作,例如在送货时查核买酒人士的年龄,并使用网上年龄核实软件,透过不同的资料来源查核买酒人士的年龄;
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(c) | 免责辩护:对于向18岁以下人士售卖酒类的控罪,如能证明在被指称干犯罪行时,被控人相信买酒的未成年人士已年满18岁;并已采取所有合理步骤确立购买者的年龄,或任何人都不会因为购买者的外表而对他或她未满18岁作出合理怀疑,即可以此作为免责辩护;
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(d) | 执法工作:为配合该制度,执法当局获赋予多项巡查及执法权力,包括以乔装顾客的方式(即俗称"放蛇")搜集证据。研究发现"放蛇"行动能有效发挥阻吓作用,并改善各方遵守年龄限制规定的情况;18注释符号代表请参阅European Commission (2013)。 及
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(e) | 惩处:当局针对售酒予未成年人的行为制订了多项惩处措施,包括警告、罚款、检控,以至撤销或暂停牌照。此外,政府更推出"两犯被罚"的政策(two strikes policy),对售酒予未成年人的重犯者施加更严厉的惩处。若店主在3个月內两度干犯售酒予未成年人的罪行,该店主会遭检控。然而,有关店主可接纳以自愿停业两天至两星期的方式,代替检控。 |
芬兰的非立法措施
结语
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
刘奕君
2017年4月24日
1. | Birdwell, J. & Wybron, I. (2015) Character and Moderation: Encouraging the next generation of responsible drinkers. Demos.
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2. | Centre for Health Protection. (2014) Alcohol and Health.
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3. | Department of Health. (2011) Action Plan to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm in Hong Kong.
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4. | Department of Health. (2017a) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Study Pertaining to Alcohol Consumption among Adults in Hong Kong 2015.
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5. | Department of Health. (2017b) Proposed regulatory regime to prohibit commercial sale and supply of intoxicating liquor to minors.
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6. | Department of Health. (2017c) Young and Alcohol Free.
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7. | European Commission. (2013) Eyes on Ages - A research on alcohol age limit policies in European Member States. Legislation, enforcement and research.
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8. | Holmila, M. & Warpenius, K. (2012) Community-based prevention of alcohol-related injuries: possibilities and experience. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, vol.1, no.1, pp.27-39.
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9. | Health and Social Care Information Centre. (2015) Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England.
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10. | Institute of Alcohol Studies. (2016) Why are young people drinking less?
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11. | World Health Organization. (2002) The World Health Report 2002.
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12. | World Health Organization. (2009) Evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm.
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13. | World Health Organization. (2010) Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.
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14. | World Health Organization. (2014) Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.
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15. | World Health Organization. (2015) How alcohol harms young people and what can you do about it. |