ISE03/19-20
主题: | 环境事务、外来入侵物种、生物多样性 |
香港应对外来入侵物种的近年政策发展
澳洲应对外来入侵物种的近年政策发展
(a) | 针对外来入侵物种的法定消减计划:根据《环境保护及生物多样性保育法令》,澳洲政府可就濒危原生物种宣布展开应对威胁关键程序,而这些程序中约有三分之二与外来入侵物种相关。政府有法定责任制订跟进威胁消减计划,采取必要行动(例如研究及管理措施),缓解原生物种所受的威胁;25注释符号代表该威胁消减计划曾处理的外来入侵物种包括兔子、野猫、野猪、欧洲红狐及无人饲养的山羊。请参阅Department of the Environment and Energy (2019)及Inspector-General of Biosecurity (2019)。
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(b) | 处理私人物业的外来入侵物种:根据《生物安全法令》,如私人货物或处所的相关外来入侵物种风险超出可接受水平,政府可发出生物安全管制令,授权生物安全人员无须事先取得同意,凭手令进行视察及清除行动。而土地拥有人亦有法律责任控制外来入侵物种,并可获公帑资助以提升其管理能力;
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(c) | 创新科技与研究:澳洲政府成立专责的国家研究中心,聘请逾100名研究专家,集中研究应对外来入侵物种的相关优先课题,包括创新管理方法和社区参与。因此,澳洲在控制外来入侵物种方面掌握全球顶尖技术,例如生物控制媒介及基因驱动技术;26注释符号代表入侵物种解决方案中心最初在2004年成立,是澳洲一所由公帑资助的国家研究中心,旨在开发应对外来入侵物种的技术及工具。其中,生物控制媒介指用作控制特定外来入侵物种的昆虫或病原体,而应用前须经澳洲政府预先评估及批准,以防当地环境受到不利影响。 及
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(d) | 社区参与:为了加强公众教育,澳洲自2016年起在全国各地举办一系列生物安全圆桌会议,推动地方社区定期讨论外来入侵物种的相关事宜。澳洲政府亦在2018年建立网站,教导公众认识日常生活中的个人生物安全措施。 |
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
梁志杰
2019年11月25日
香港
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5. | GovHK. (2013) LCQ19: Mikania micrantha.
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7. | GovHK. (2017a) LCQ4: Animal release activities.
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8. | GovHK. (2017b) LCQ12: Animal welfare.
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13. | Whitfort et al. (2013) A Review of Hong Kong's Wild Animal and Plant Protection Laws.
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14. | 立法会秘书处:《资料便览:有关內地及香港红火蚁问题之进程报导》,2005年1月31日,立法会FS08/04-05号文件。
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澳洲
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15. | Centre for Invasive Species Solutions. (2018) 2017-2018 Annual Report.
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19. | Parliament of Australia. (2015) Inquiry on Environmental Biosecurity.
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20. | Inspector-General of Biosecurity. (2019) Environmental biosecurity risk management in Australia, Review Report No. 2018-19/04.
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21. | Invasive Plants and Animals Committee. (2017a) Australian Pest Animal Strategy 2017-2027.
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23. | Invasive Species Council. (2014) Stopping New Invasive Species Case Studies.
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24. | Invasive Species Council. (2018) KTPs & TAPs: Australia's failure to abate threats to biodiversity.
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25. | Sheppard and Broadhurst. (2019) Invasive species are Australia's number-one extinction threat.
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其他
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26. | European Environment Agency. (2013) Invasive alien species: a growing problem for environment and health.
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27. | Genovesi et al. (2015) EU adopts innovative legislation on invasive species: a step towards a global response to biological invasions? Biological Invasions, vol. 17(5).
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28. | The United Nations. (1992) Convention of Biological Diversity.
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29. | World Organisation for Animal Health. (2015) PVS Evaluation Report: Australia.
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