ISE06/20-21
主题: | 民政事务、福利服务、慈善机构 |
香港慈善机构的规管制度
注:(1) | 2003年起的款项包括可获豁免缴纳薪俸稅、利得稅及个人入息课稅的捐款。2001年金额则只包括前两类稅项豁免。 |
(2) | 截至每年3月31日。 |
资料来源:Inland Revenue Department。 |
澳洲近年的慈善机构规管改革
(a) | 慈善机构的法律定义:透过《慈善法》,澳洲历来首次订定慈善机构的法律定义,适用于所有联邦法例。简言之,慈善机构必须是(a)非牟利;(b)只为慈善宗旨而成立;及(c)以公益为目标。此外,《慈善法》列出12项慈善宗旨,包括适用于现代社会的宗旨,例如动物福祉、环境保护和推广人权。政治方面,慈善机构不可表态支持个别政党或候选人,但倡议法例和政策改变则列为其中一项慈善宗旨;21注释符号代表Federal Register of Legislation (2013)。
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(b) | 单一规管机构:2012年12月,澳洲慈善机构及非牟利机构委员会("慈善委员会")正式成立,编制约有100人,负责监管所有慈善机构的运作,具有调查及执法权力。22注释符号代表慈善委员会的人员由澳洲稅务局调任,该局在2019年共有员工约19 000人。请参阅Australian National Audit Office (2020)。 如慈善机构违反管治标准(例如将款项用于非慈善用途),慈善委员会可作出警告、罢免负责人员及撤销注册。虽然其他政府机构仍须按其职权范围监管慈善机构的相关事务(如发出筹款活动牌照),慈善委员会可透过分享资讯及协调执法行动,提供协助;23注释符号代表Murray (2019)。
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(c) | 供公众查阅的慈善机构中央纪录册:慈善委员会就各种法律形式的慈善机构建立纪录册。慈善机构必须注册后,才可获得政府资助(如稅项宽减),并须每年按标准格式提交管治及财务资料。24注释符号代表为免小型慈善机构负担过重,每年收入少于25万澳元(140万港元)的机构只须填写标准表格,而收入超过100万澳元(540万港元)的慈善机构则另须提交经审计的财务报告。请参阅The Treasury (2018)。 有关资料及违规纪录会上载到"一站式"入门网站,供公众查阅;
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(d) | 规管协调:为减轻慈善机构的合规负担,慈善委员会与其他政府机构合作,消除各部门规例不一致之处。此外,慈善委员会在2014年推出名为"慈善机构通行证"的档案分享服务,让其他监管机关查阅慈善机构提交的资料,减省重复呈交报告的需要;及
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(e) | 以认证方式为捐款人提供额外资讯:慈善委员会在2016年推出"注册慈善机构标签"认证计划,协助公众识别管理妥善、符合透明度和问责性标准的慈善机构。只有合资格的慈善机构,才可在筹款时展示标签。 |
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
刘絜文
2020年11月10日
香港
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1. | Audit Commission. (2017) Report No. 68 of the Director of Audit.
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2. | Financial Services and the Treasury. (2017) Letter to Public Accounts Committee on Government's support and monitoring of charity. 16 May.
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3. | GovHK. (2018) Government announces administrative measures to enhance transparency of charitable fund-raising activities and safeguard donors' interests. 1 August.
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4. | GovHK. (2019) Government introduces logo for charitable fund-raising activities for easy identification. 1 April.
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5. | HKSARG. (2017) The Government Minute in Response to the Report of the Public Accounts Committee No. 68 of July 2017. 18 October.
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6. | HKSARG. (2019) The Government Minute in Response to the Report of the Public Accounts Committee No. 71 of February 2019. 15 May.
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7. | HKSARG. (2020) The Government Minute in Response to the Report of the Public Accounts Committee No. 73 of February 2020. 27 May.
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8. | Inland Revenue Department. (2020a) Departmental Interpretation And Practice Notes No. 37 (Revised): Concessionary Deductions: Section 26c Approved Charitable Donations.
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9. | Inland Revenue Department. (2020b) Tax Guide for Charitable Institutions and Trusts of a Public Character.
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10. | Law Reform Commission. (2013) Charities.
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11. | news.gov.hk. (2009) ICAC issues fund-raising guidelines. 6 October.
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12. | Office of The Ombudsman. (2003) The Investigation Report on the Monitoring of Charitable Fund-Raising Activities.
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13. | Official Records of Proceedings of the Legislative Council. (2018) 17 January.
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14. | Public Accounts Committee. (2018) P.A.C. Report No. 68A.
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15. | 香港政府一站通:《民政事务局局长谈政府对慈善机构的监管》,2017年7月12日。
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澳洲
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16. | ACNC. (2019) ACNC Annual Report 2018-19.
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17. | ACNC. (2020) Australian Charities Report 2018.
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18. | Australian National Audit Office. (2020) Regulation of Charities by the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission.
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19. | Ernst & Young. (2014) Research into Commonwealth Regulatory and Reporting Burdens on the Charity Sector.
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20. | Federal Register of Legislation. (2013) The Charity Act 2013.
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22. | Industry Commission. (1995) Charitable Organisations in Australia.
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22. | Kantar Public. (2017) ACNC Public Trust and Confidence in Australian Charities.
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23. | McGregor-Lowndes, M. (2017) Australia: Co-Production, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation. Breen, O. B. et al. (ed.). Regulatory Waves: Comparative Perspectives on State Regulation and Self-regulation Policies in the Nonprofit Sector. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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24. | McGregor-Lowndes, M. et al. (ed.). (2017) Regulating Charities: The Inside Story. New York: Routledge.
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25. | Murray, I. (2019) Regulating Charity in a Federated State: The Australian Perspective. Nonprofit Policy Forum. 22 January.
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26. | Probono Australia. (2015a) 2015 Sector Survey.
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27. | Probono Australia. (2015b) Government Not Abolishing ACNC.
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28. | The Treasury. (2011) Consultation Paper - Scoping study for a national not-for-profit regulator.
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29. | The Treasury. (2018) Strengthening For Purpose: Australian Charities And Not For Profits Commission.
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其他
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30. | Charities Aid Foundation. (2018) CAF World Giving Index 2018.
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31. | Chevalier-Watts, J. (2018) Charity Law: International Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
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