ISE29/20-21
主题: | 交通、道路交通安全 |
使用儿童汽车座椅的理据和全球趋势
香港儿童汽车座椅的近期政策发展
(a) | 收紧法例规定会为拥有私家车及年幼子女的家庭带来额外开支:根据《2011年交通习惯调查》,这类家庭在本港为数75 000-99 000个,而为每名子女购置上述儿童座椅的成本估计介乎4,000港元至14,200港元不等;
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(b) | 沒有私家车的家庭亦会受影响,因为其年幼子女或未能偶尔乘坐亲友的私家车;及
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(c) | 警方执法时除了需要量度儿童身高外,亦涉及另一些"复杂事宜",包括"罚则、搜证、可作合理辩解的情况和其他执法细节等"。10注释符号代表Legislative Council Secretariat (2013)及GovHK (2018及2021)。 |
英国有关儿童汽车座椅的强制规定
(a) | 设定年龄和身高双重门槛:私家车上的儿童乘客在身高达1.35米或年满12岁前(以较早达到的门槛为准),必须使用儿童座椅。虽然身高门槛来自欧盟的指令,但年龄门槛却完全由英国政府自行订定。年满12岁的青少年被认为已可安全地使用成人安全带,而儿童座椅为他们带来的边际安全效益相当有限;15注释符号代表House of Commons (2006)。
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(b) | 背向式儿童座椅置于前座时不得使用安全气袋:当儿童坐在私家车前座的背向式儿童座椅时,必须停用安全气袋,以免在车辆发生碰撞时造成严重的潜在伤害;
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(c) | 罚则:司机若沒有使用合适的儿童座椅,每项控罪可处以罚款100-500英镑(1,074-5,370港元),而该罚款水平与成年人沒有佩戴安全带的罚则相同;
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(d) | 因应司机的实际顾虑给予特别豁免:法例容许儿童在下述情况毋须使用儿童座椅出行:(i)基于健康原因;(ii)所乘坐之的士或私人出租汽车沒有设置儿童座椅;(iii)突然及必需作短距离出行,而所乘坐的车辆沒有设置儿童座椅;或(iv)车上沒有足够空间放置第三个儿童座椅。然而,第(iii)及(iv)项豁免只适用于3岁及以上的儿童;及
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(e) | 儿童座椅的安全标准:一如欧盟的做法,英国的儿童座椅需符合联合国指明的产品安全标准。16注释符号代表然而,亦有一些其他地方(例如澳洲和加拿大)选择自行订定相关安全标准。 |
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
刘絜文
2021年10月7日
香港
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1. | Consumer Council. (2019) Weak Protection in 4 Models of Child Car Seats Room for Improvement in Safety Design.
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2. | GovHK. (2018) LCQ3: Child Restraint Device.
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3. | GovHK. (2021) LCQ6: Child Safety in Cars.
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4. | Legislation Council Secretariat. (2013) Minutes of Meeting of Panel on Transport, 20 December. LC Paper No. CB(1)920/13-14.
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5. | Legislation Council Secretariat. (2019) Measures to Contain Private Car Growth in Selected Places. LC Paper No. IN21/18-19.
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6. | Transport Department. (2021) Child Safety in Cars.
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7. | Transport and Housing Bureau. (2013) Proposal to Raise the Mandatory Requirement of Using Child Restraint Device in Private Cars. LC Paper No. CB(1)543/13-14(05).
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英国
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8. | BBC. (2004) Use Car Seats up to Age of 11. 15 April.
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9. | BBC. (2006) New Child Car Seat Laws in Force. 18 September.
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10. | Child Seat Safety. (2021) Upcoming Events 2021.
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11. | Confused.com. (2018) Parents Still Baffled by Car Seat Laws.
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12. | Department for Transport. (2006) Explanatory Memorandum to the Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006.
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13. | Department for Transport. (2015a) Explanatory Memorandum to the Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts by Children in Front Seats) (Amendment) Regulations 2015.
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14. | Department for Transport. (2015b) Facts on Child Casualties. June 2015.
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15. | Department for Transport. (2021) Reported Casualties by Age Band, Road User Type and Severity, Great Britain, 2020.
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16. | House of Commons. (2006) Delegated Legislation Standing Committee Debates - Draft Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006. 5 July.
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17. | House of Lords. (2006) Debates on Motor Vehicles (Wearing of Seat Belts) (Amendment) Regulations 2006. 12 July.
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18. | South Gloucestershire Council. (2014) Police and Council Offer Child Car Seat Safety Checks.
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19. | The Mirror. (2017) Child Car Seat Regulations Changed on March 1. 19 May.
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其他
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20. | European Transport Safety Council. (2018) Reducing Child Deaths on European Roads.
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21. | United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. (2015) UN Regulation No 129: Increasing the Safety of Children in Vehicles for Policymakers and Concerned Citizens.
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22. | World Health Organization. (2009) Seat-Belts and Child Restraints: A Road Safety Manual for Decision-Makers and Practitioners.
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23. | World Health Organization. (2018) Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018.
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