ISE02/20-21
主题: | 经济发展、燃油、消费者保障、竞爭、透明度 |
香港近年的车用燃油价格趋势
澳洲监管机构在车用燃油市场的强制收集资料权力
(a) | 须先获部长批准:竞爭和消费者委员会一般会先请油公司自行提交所需资料,如油公司拒绝遵从,则会引用强制权力。根据《竞爭及消费者法》,在引用强制收集资料的权力前,须先获财政部长批准。就此发出的部长指令(涵盖监察目标、范围及所需资料)的有效期,通常只有1-3年;17注释符号代表1998年以前,有意见批评正式价格监察措施遭滥用,当地因而引入部长指令,以作制衡。自2007年年底开始,澳洲政府连续6次延长有关指令期限,将正式车用燃油价格监察措施的有效期延至2022年12月。请参阅Productivity Commission (2001)。
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(b) | 机密资料的保障:《竞爭及消费者法》订有以下保障措施,以保护资料提供者的"商业机密"。首先,竞爭和消费者委员会只可获取部长指令订明的指定机密资料。其次,市场研究报告仅可展示整体结果,避免任何人能从中推算出个别公司资料的情况。再者,竞爭和消费者委员会的委员如非法披露受保护资料,可被判处两年监禁(因公众利益而披露除外);
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(c) | 必须资料以作分析的涵盖范围:竞爭和消费者委员会获赋予的强制收集资料权力,包括各个界别(即零售、炼油及批发)的所有主要市场参与者的机密资料,涵盖销售额、价格、成本与利润,用作深入分析。该委员会将评估市场的盈利能力,并决定(i)汽油牌价是否合乎经济效益;(ii)成本基础是否具效益;及(iii)油公司的资本回报率是否合理;18注释符号代表衡量行业盈利能力的主要量化指标包括:(a)毛利;(b)毛利率;(c)纯利;(d)销售回报;(e)资产回报;及(f)资本额回报。竞爭和消费者委员会将这些指标套用到财务模型,用以分析行业的财务表现。请参阅Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2017)。 及
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(d) | 油公司对资料涵盖范围的意见:竞爭和消费者委员会在索取资料前,会就指明资料范本咨询业界意见。该委员会可因应业界意见和关注,修订资料要求及资料范本內容。持份者如认为强制资料要求或施加的罚则不能接受,可向法院提出上诉。19注释符号代表机构若未能按强制收集资料权力的要求提供资料,或向竞爭和消费者委员会提供虛假或具误导性的资料,每次违规可被罚款4,440澳元(24,908港元)。 |
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
梁志杰
2020年10月21日
香港
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1. | Census and Statistics Department. (2020) Table 130: Unit Values of Imports of Selected Oil Products.
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2. | Commerce and Economic Development Bureau. (2019) Government's response on Motion Passed under Agenda Item III on "Report on the work of the Competition Commission" at Meeting on 29 April 2019. LC Paper No. CB(4)966/18-19(01).
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3. | Competition Commission. (2017) Report on Study into Hong Kong's Auto-fuel Market.
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4. | Consumer Council. (1999) Energizing the Energy Market: A Study of Motor Gasoline, Diesel and LPG Markets in Hong Kong.
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5. | Consumer Council. (2015) Auto-fuel Price Monitoring Analysis.
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6. | Consumer Council. (2016) Report on Auto-Fuel Price Monitoring 2016.
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7. | Consumer Council. (2020) Auto-fuel Price Monitoring Analysis 2020.
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8. | GovHK. (2016a) LCQ18: Prices of auto-fuels and domestic liquefied petroleum gas.
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9. | GovHK. (2016b) LCQ8: Fuel prices.
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10. | GovHK. (2017a) LCQ22: Competition conditions of auto-fuels market in Hong Kong.
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11. | GovHK. (2017b) LCQ1: Competition Commission's report on Hong Kong's auto-fuel market.
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12. | GovHK. (2020a) LCQ6: Retail prices of auto-fuels.
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13. | GovHK. (2020b) LCQ13: Fuel prices.
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14. | GovHK. (2020c) LCQ8: Promoting competition in fuel market.
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15. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (2004) Retail prices of oil products. Background brief submitted to the Panel on Economic Services of the Legislative Council. LC Paper No. CB(1)487/04-05.
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16. | Minutes of meeting on Economic Development of the Legislative Council. (2017) 22 May. LC Paper No. CB(4)1479/16-17.
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17. | Minutes of meeting on Economic Development of the Legislative Council. (2018) 17 July. LC Paper No. CB(4)1560/17-18.
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18. | Minutes of meeting on Economic Development of the Legislative Council. (2019) 29 April. LC Paper No. CB(4)1221/18-19.
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19. | Legislative Council Secretariat. (2020) Tables and graphs showing the import and retail prices of major oil products from September 2018 to August 2020 furnished by the Census and Statistics Department. LC Paper No. CB(4)908/19-20(01).
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澳洲
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20. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2007) Petrol prices and Australian consumers: Report of the ACCC inquiry into the price of unleaded petrol.
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21. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2008) Monitoring of the Australian petroleum industry: Report of the ACCC into the prices, costs and profits of unleaded petrol in Australia.
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22. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2017) Statement of regulatory approach to assessing price notifications under Part VIIA of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
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23. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2019) Report on the Australian petroleum market: June quarter 2019.
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24. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2020) Financial performance of the Australian downstream petroleum industry 2002 to 2018.
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25. | Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (various years) ACCC & AER annual report.
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26. | Department of the Environment and Energy. (2019) Australian Energy Update 2019.
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27. | Parliament of Australia. (2006) Inquiry into the Price of Petrol in Australia.
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28. | Productivity Commission. (2001) Review of the Price Surveillance Act 1983 Inquiry Report. Report No. 14.
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其他
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29. | GlobalPetrolPrices.com. (2020) Most expensive gasoline in the world.
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30. | International Energy Agency. (2020) Energy Prices 2020.
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31. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013) Competition in Road Fuel.
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32. | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2016) The Role of Market Studies as a Tool to Promote Competition.
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