ISE12/16-17
主題: | 衞生事務、酒精、未成年人飲酒 |
香港未成年人飲酒的情況
就向未成年人售賣及供應酒精飲品的規管和修例
以多管齊下的方式防止未成年人飲酒
英格蘭的立法措施
(a) | 年齡限制:任何人士如售酒予18歲以下人士,或代18歲以下人士買酒,或嘗試代18歲以下人士買酒,均屬違法。此外,18歲以下人士如買酒,或嘗試買酒,或飲酒16註釋符號代表年滿16歲或17歲人士在成人陪同下於用餐時飲用啤酒、葡萄酒或蘋果酒,不屬違法。,亦屬違法;
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(b) | 核實年齡的規定:賣方必須在出售或供應酒類的處所(包括透過互聯網售賣酒類)實行一套年齡核實政策,要求外表看來未滿18歲的人士出示年齡證明。17註釋符號代表年齡核實規定是發牌機構所施加的強制發牌條件,藉以貫徹4項發牌目標的其中之一,即"保護兒童免受酒精禍害"。 部分地方政府已發出指引,協助透過互聯網售賣酒類的賣方盡一切應盡的努力,履行核實年齡的工作,例如在送貨時查核買酒人士的年齡,並使用網上年齡核實軟件,透過不同的資料來源查核買酒人士的年齡;
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(c) | 免責辯護:對於向18歲以下人士售賣酒類的控罪,如能證明在被指稱干犯罪行時,被控人相信買酒的未成年人士已年滿18歲;並已採取所有合理步驟確立購買者的年齡,或任何人都不會因為購買者的外表而對他或她未滿18歲作出合理懷疑,即可以此作為免責辯護;
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(d) | 執法工作:為配合該制度,執法當局獲賦予多項巡查及執法權力,包括以喬裝顧客的方式(即俗稱"放蛇")搜集證據。研究發現"放蛇"行動能有效發揮阻嚇作用,並改善各方遵守年齡限制規定的情況;18註釋符號代表請參閱European Commission (2013)。 及
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(e) | 懲處:當局針對售酒予未成年人的行為制訂了多項懲處措施,包括警告、罰款、檢控,以至撤銷或暫停牌照。此外,政府更推出"兩犯被罰"的政策(two strikes policy),對售酒予未成年人的重犯者施加更嚴厲的懲處。若店主在3個月內兩度干犯售酒予未成年人的罪行,該店主會遭檢控。然而,有關店主可接納以自願停業兩天至兩星期的方式,代替檢控。 |
芬蘭的非立法措施
結語
立法會秘書處
資訊服務部
資料研究組
劉奕君
2017年4月24日
1. | Birdwell, J. & Wybron, I. (2015) Character and Moderation: Encouraging the next generation of responsible drinkers. Demos.
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2. | Centre for Health Protection. (2014) Alcohol and Health.
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3. | Department of Health. (2011) Action Plan to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm in Hong Kong.
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4. | Department of Health. (2017a) Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Study Pertaining to Alcohol Consumption among Adults in Hong Kong 2015.
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5. | Department of Health. (2017b) Proposed regulatory regime to prohibit commercial sale and supply of intoxicating liquor to minors.
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6. | Department of Health. (2017c) Young and Alcohol Free.
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7. | European Commission. (2013) Eyes on Ages - A research on alcohol age limit policies in European Member States. Legislation, enforcement and research.
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8. | Holmila, M. & Warpenius, K. (2012) Community-based prevention of alcohol-related injuries: possibilities and experience. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, vol.1, no.1, pp.27-39.
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9. | Health and Social Care Information Centre. (2015) Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England.
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10. | Institute of Alcohol Studies. (2016) Why are young people drinking less?
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11. | World Health Organization. (2002) The World Health Report 2002.
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12. | World Health Organization. (2009) Evidence for the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm.
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13. | World Health Organization. (2010) Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.
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14. | World Health Organization. (2014) Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.
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15. | World Health Organization. (2015) How alcohol harms young people and what can you do about it. |