ISE18/20-21
主题: | 卫生事务、疾病控制及预防、疫苗伤害、赔偿 |
全球实施疫苗接种的伤害赔偿计划的情况
香港的疫苗接种情况
英国的疫苗伤害补偿金计划
(a) | 经费来源及12万英镑的划一补偿金额:计划由"财政部"直接拨款资助。2021年,政府按个别个案的情况向合资格申索人发放的补偿,为划一金额12万英镑(127万港元)的一笔过免稅补偿金。该金额最初在1979年定为1万英镑(105,800港元),其后定期进行调整,以反映医疗费用的涨幅。
截至2019年4月,计划推行以来共向941名成功申索人发放共7,470万英镑(7亿9,000万港元)。申索成功率仅为15%,主要原因是严格的医学门槛,此点稍后再作讨论;15注释符号代表Department of Work and Pensions (2019)。 |
(b) | 涵盖的疫苗范围:计划只涵盖常规疫苗接种计划所针对的指定疾病,以及特定的疾病大流行,现时共有17种这类疾病(例如在2020年年底纳入的2019冠状病毒病),多于1979年的8种疾病。只有2至21岁因接种常规儿童疫苗而受到伤害的市民,或在6年內于英国就特定疾病大流行接种疫苗的人士,才符合计划的申请资格;16注释符号代表GovUK (2021)。
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(c) | 残障程度须达60%的严格规定:该计划下,轻微伤害不会获得考虑。计划参照工业伤残福利计划的损伤级别,只向被疫苗严重伤害致残而残障程度至少达60%(相当于失去一只手)的人士提供补偿,身体及精神伤害均涵盖在內;
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(d) | 审批过程:由医生组成的独立医学顾问会考虑每宗申索个案的现有证据,按相对性原则作出评估,并会考虑"因接种疫苗引致残障的可能性是否大于不可能性",而不须证明两者存在绝对和经验证的因果关系。这些决定受到定期审计;17注释符号代表House of Commons (2015)。 及
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(e) | 上诉及诉讼权利:申索人可向"就业及退休金部"或独立的审裁处提出上诉,要求覆核评估决定。此外,计划的申索人仍有权提出诉讼向疫苗制造商追讨赔偿。实际上,如有关诉讼胜诉,申索人须从最终和解协议的赔偿金中扣除计划下获得的补偿金。18注释符号代表Department of Health and Social Care (2020)。 |
立法会秘书处
资讯服务部
资料研究组
梁志杰
2021年2月10日
香港
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1. | Census and Statistics Department. (various years) Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics.
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2. | Centre for Health Protection. (2021) Information on Adverse Events Following Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.
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3. | Chinese University of Hong Kong. (2021) Press Release: CU Medicine Survey Shows Government Recommendation as the Strongest Driver for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance. 12 January.
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4. | Department of Health. (various years) Budget Estimate.
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5. | GovHK. (2020a) COVID-19 jab indemnity fund planned. 23 December.
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6. | GovHK. (2020b) LCQ20: Statistics on seasonal influenza vaccination. 18 November.
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7. | GovHK. (2021) LCQ22: Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccination programmes. 27 January.
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8. | Minutes of meeting of the Panel on Health Services of the Legislative Council. (2008) 8 December. LC Paper No. CB(2)1993/08-09.
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9. | Minutes of meeting of the Panel on Health Services of the Legislative Council. (2009) 13 July. LC Paper No. CB(2)2439/08-09.
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10. | South China Morning Post. (2020) Coronavirus: how close is Hong Kong to rolling out its Covid-19 vaccination scheme? 31 December.
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11. | South China Morning Post. (2021) Hong Kong fourth wave: more than half of residents do not intend to take Covid-19 vaccine jabs, survey finds. 28 January.
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12. | The Standard. (2021) Vaccine delay to push back start of jabs program. 28 January.
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13. | 《赔偿基金细节仍未明 如现死亡个案药剂师学会倡宽松处理》,《苹果日报》,2021年1月17日。
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英国
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14. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1982) International Notes Pertussis-England and Wales. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 31 (47), December, pp. 629-31.
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15. | Department of Health and Social Care. (2020) Impact Assessment: Expansion of the Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme (VDPS) for COVID-19.
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16. | Department of Work and Pensions. (2019) DWP response to the Freedom of Information request "Compensation Paid, Amounts of Unsuccessful & Successful Claims under Vaccine Damage Payment Fund". 20 May.
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17. | Department of Work and Pensions. (2020) DWP response to the Freedom of Information request "Vaccine Damage Fund claims related to the Vaccine known as Pandemrix". 3 December.
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18. | GovUK. (2021) Vaccine Damage Payment.
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19. | House of Commons. (2015) Vaccine Damage Payments Act. Hansard, Vol. 594, 24 March.
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20. | House of Commons. (2016) Swine Flu Vaccination: Compensation. Hansard, Vol. 604, 12 January.
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21. | House of Commons. (2017) Pandemrix Vaccine: Compensation. Hansard, Vol. 622, 8 March.
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22. | House of Commons. (2019) Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme. Question for Department of Health and Social Care, 25 July.
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23. | Millward, G. (2019) Vaccinating Britain: Mass vaccination and the public since the Second World War. Manchester University Press.
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24. | Narcolepsy UK. (2021) Pandemrix narcolepsy.
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25. | Vaccine Justice. (2011) 4 compelling reasons to reform the Vaccine Damage Payment Act 1979. 23 January.
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其他
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26. | Mungwira et al. (2020) Global landscape analysis of no-fault compensation programmes for vaccine injuries: A review and survey of implementing countries. PloS one, 15 (5), 21 May.
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27. | University of Oxford. (2021) Our World in Data - Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccinations.
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28. | World Economic Forum. (2020) Global attitudes on a COVID-19 vaccine, conducted December 17-20, 2020.
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29. | World Health Organization. (2011) No-fault compensation following adverse events attributed to vaccination: a review of international programmes. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89 (5), pp. 371-378.
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30. | World Health Organization. (2018) Vaccines: the powerful innovations bringing WHO's mission to life every day. 24 April.
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31. | World Health Organization. (2020) WHO vaccine reaction rates information sheets.
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